Soyinka's work often critiques the socio-political systems in place in Nigeria and wider Africa, questioning the basis of power, the role of the elite, and the marginalization of the underprivileged. His writing is characterized by a deep sense of patriotism and a desire for justice, reform, and genuine progress.

The essays within "The Capitalist Niger" span a wide range of topics, from the personal to the political. Soyinka, known for his incisive and often satirical analysis, explores the intricacies of Nigerian society, the impacts of colonialism, the challenges of democracy, and the daily struggles of the Nigerian people under the weight of corrupt governance and economic hardship.

"The Capitalist Niger" and Soyinka's broader oeuvre have been significant in shaping conversations about African identity, politics, and culture. The book has been both praised and criticized, with some hailing it as a fearless critique of the Nigerian state and others criticizing Soyinka's perspectives as elitist or detached.