For years, the mainstream gay movement—seeking respectability and assimilation—pushed these figures aside. Rivera was booed off stage at a 1973 Gay Pride rally when she tried to speak about the imprisonment of trans people and drag queens. The mainstream gay movement of the 70s and 80s often saw trans people and gender-nonconforming people as a "liability" to their fight for marriage and military service.
Originating in Harlem in the 1960s-80s, the ballroom scene was a Black and Latinx queer and trans refuge from racism and homophobia. Trans women were legendary figures in "realness" categories—walking the runway to achieve the illusion of cisgender straight womanhood. This culture gave us voguing (popularized by Madonna), the entire lexicon of "reading" and "shade," and a kinship structure of "houses" (family units led by a "mother"). Without trans women like Pepper LaBeija and Angie Xtravaganza, there is no Paris is Burning . funny shemale cock
From the gender-bending of Charles Busch to the raw, autobiographical work of Kate Bornstein, trans artists have pushed theatrical form. Hedwig and the Angry Inch (created by John Cameron Mitchell, a cis gay man, but deeply resonant with trans audiences) explored the botched gender surgery as a rock-and-roll metaphor. More recently, Panti Bliss (an Irish drag queen) and Travis Alabanza (a non-binary performance artist) blur the lines between drag, trans identity, and political protest. Originating in Harlem in the 1960s-80s, the ballroom
For the trans community, this is not an abstract debate. When a trans woman is murdered—disproportionately Black and Latina trans women—her death is often ignored by police and media. When a trans teen is denied puberty blockers, the suicide risk skyrockets. The "T" in LGBTQ+ is not a theoretical identity; it is a matter of life and death. The trans community is not a "new" phenomenon. Two-spirit people have existed in Indigenous cultures for millennia. The hijra of South Asia have been recognized for centuries. The muxe of Zapotec culture in Oaxaca. What is new is the mainstream visibility and the accelerating pace of self-determination. Without trans women like Pepper LaBeija and Angie
Greer Lankton's haunting doll sculptures, Cassils's physically demanding performance art, and Tourmaline's filmic reclamations of Black trans history.