: A reflective analysis questioning whether cultural theories can justify practices that violate physical integrity. The Lancet Medical and Historical Papers (Mastectomy)
: An authoritative source detailing the practice as a "silenced" traditional harm, including its role as a form of family violence. Transcultural Nursing Perspective
Papers discussing "debreasting" generally fall into two categories: sociocultural research
If your interest is the medical history of breast removal, these papers provide extensive historical narratives and "stories" of early surgical procedures: The evolution of mastectomy surgical technique - PMC - NIH
The Lancet: Breast Ironing and the Politics of the Female Body
: A recent (2024) comprehensive report detailing the health and well-being impacts on women and girls
: Discusses the symbolic "erasure of femininity" and the practice as a form of gender-based violence. Breast Ironing in Cameroon (OHCHR Report)
on the harmful traditional practice known as "breast ironing" and medical history regarding the evolution of mastectomies (surgical removal). Cultural and Sociocultural Papers (Breast Ironing)